From Computer Tyme Support Wiki

Revision as of 03:13, 17 February 2014

Overview

Did you ever want to run a program every few seconds, or even fractions of a second, under a linux, unix, bsd or osx cron script? Here's an elegant script that does just that.

Features:

• Run once per minute under cron
• Launches multiple programs in parallel
• Multiple time periods supported simultaneously just by the directory name.
• It just works
• Simple, elegant, free

Even though this software is free if you find it really useful and you want to reward/encourage me you can email me an Amazon Gift Certificate to marc@perkel.com.

Precise Cron with microsecond resolution

Tthe existence of the directory creates the schedule. This version supports microsecond resolution assuming your computer can handle it. It is the most accurate on start time and actually us a more simple implementation. Also the number of executions per minute does not have to to evenly divisible by 60. If you want to run something 17 times a minute - no problem. You can also run faster than once a second.

Even though this has microsecond resolution probably 2400 per minute is as fast as you can practically go.

Keep in mind that this program takes up to 2 minutes to start.

#! /bin/sh

# Microsecond Cron
# Usage: cron-ms start
# Copyright 2014 by Marc Perkel
# docs at http://wiki.junkemailfilter.com/index.php/How_to_run_a_Linux_script_every_few_seconds_under_cron"
# Free to use with attribution

basedir=/etc/cron-ms

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
   echo
   echo "cron-ms by Marc Perkel"
   echo
   echo "This program is used to run all programs in a directory in parallel every X times per minute."
   echo "Think of this program as cron with microseconds resolution."
   echo
   echo "Usage: cron-ms start"
   echo
   echo "The scheduling is done by creating directories with the number of"
   echo "executions per minute as part of the directory name."
   echo
   echo "Examples:"
   echo "  /etc/cron-ms/7      # Executes everything in that directory  7 times a minute"
   echo "  /etc/cron-ms/30     # Executes everything in that directory 30 times a minute"
   echo "  /etc/cron-ms/600    # Executes everything in that directory 10 times a second"
   echo "  /etc/cron-ms/2400   # Executes everything in that directory 40 times a second"
   echo
   exit
fi

# If "start" is passed as a parameter then run all the loops in parallel
# The number of the directory is the number of executions per minute
# Since cron isn't accurate we need to start at top of next minute

if [ $1 = start ]
then
   for dir in $basedir/* ; do
      $0 ${dir##*/} 60000000 &
   done
   exit
fi

# Loops per minute and the next interval are passed on the command line with each loop

loops=$1
next_interval=$2

# Sleeps until a specific part of a minute with microsecond resolution. 60000000 is full minute

usleep $(( $next_interval - 10#$(date +%S%N) / 1000 ))

# Run all the programs in the directory in parallel

for program in $basedir/$loops/* ; do
   if [ -x $program ] 
   then
      $program &> /dev/null &
   fi
done

# Calculate next_interval

next_interval=$(($next_interval % 60000000 + (60000000 / $loops) ))

# If minute is not up - call self recursively

if [ $next_interval -lt $(( 60000000 / $loops * $loops)) ]
then
   . $0 $loops $next_interval &
fi

# Otherwise we're done

Launch from cron every minute. Edit your /etc/crontab file and add:

* * * * * root /usr/local/sbin/cron-ms start

Kind of amazing that you can do all this in less than 50 lines of code.

Companion Program with 1 minute resolution

#! /bin/sh

# Minute Cron
# Usage: cron-min start
# Copyright 2014 by Marc Perkel
# docs at http://wiki.junkemailfilter.com/index.php/How_to_run_a_Linux_script_every_few_seconds_under_cron"
# Free to use with attribution

# Run this script under Cron once a minute

basedir=/etc/cron-min

if [ $# -gt 0 ]
then
   echo
   echo "cron-min by Marc Perkel"
   echo
   echo "This program is used to run all programs in a directory in parallel every X minutes."
   echo
   echo "Usage: cron-min"
   echo
   echo "The scheduling is done by creating directories with the number of minutes as part of the"
   echo "directory name. The minutes do not have to evenly divide into 60 or be less than 60."
   echo
   echo "Examples:"
   echo "  /etc/cron-min/1      # Executes everything in that directory every 1  minute"
   echo "  /etc/cron-min/5      # Executes everything in that directory every 5  minutes"
   echo "  /etc/cron-min/13     # Executes everything in that directory every 13 minutes"
   echo "  /etc/cron-min/75     # Executes everything in that directory every 75 minutes"
   echo
   exit
fi

for dir in $basedir/* ; do
   minutes=${dir##*/}
   if [ $(( ($(date +%s) / 60) % $minutes )) -eq 0 ]
   then
      for program in $basedir/$minutes/* ; do
         if [ -x $program ]
         then
            $program &> /dev/null &
         fi
      done
   fi
done